E-2 Treaty Investors 2024

What is an E-2 Visa?

The E-2 Investor Visa is a nonimmigrant Visa used when a foreign entrepreneur wishes to operate his or her own business in the United States.  This can be accomplished in two ways:  1) to start a brand-new business, or 2) to purchase an existing business (certain restrictions apply; check with your immigration attorney prior to establishing or purchasing an existing business).

The amount of the investment is determined by the type of business, and while there is no “minimum” set amount, the investment must be “substantial” and not “marginal” in nature; the immigration adjudicator must be convinced that your investment is sufficient to operate the proposed venture.

One of the key elements to a successful E-2 application is to prove that the investor’s function is to “develop and direct” the business in the United States. If there are language barriers, it will be necessary to hire a manager who will conduct the day-to-day operations.

So, while the Investor is not required to conduct the daily activities, they will be expected to make the executive decisions needed to “develop and direct” the U.S. venture.

The investor must also be a citizen or national of a country that has an existing Treaty of Commerce with the United States.  See the most recent list of “Treaty Countries” on DOS.

CountryClassificationEntered into Force
AlbaniaE-2Jan 4, 1998
ArgentinaE-1Dec 20, 1854`
ArgentinaE-2Dec 20, 1854
ArmeniaE-2Mar 29, 1996
AustraliaE-1Dec 16, 1991
AustraliaE-2Dec 27, 1991
AustraliaE-3Sep 2, 2005
AustriaE-1May 27, 1931
AustriaE-2May 27, 1931
AzerbaijanE-2Aug 2, 2001
BahrainE-2May 30, 2001
BangladeshE-2Jul 25, 1989
BelgiumE-1Oct 3, 1963
BelgiumE-2Oct 3, 1963
BoliviaE-1Nov 09, 1862
BoliviaE-2Jun 6, 2001
Bosnia and HerzegovinaE-1Nov 15, 1982
Bosnia and HerzegovinaE-2Nov 15, 1982
BruneiE-1Jul 11, 1853
BulgariaE-2Jun 2, 1954
CameroonE-2Apr 6, 1989
CanadaE-1Jan 1, 1994
CanadaE-2Jan 1, 1994
ChileE-1Jan 1, 2004
ChileE-2Jan 1, 2004
China (Taiwan)E-1Nov 30, 1948
China (Taiwan)E-2Nov 30, 1948
ColombiaE-1Jun 10, 1948
ColombiaE-2Jun 10, 1948
Congo (Brazzaville)E-2Aug 13, 1994
Congo (Kinshasa)E-2Jul 28, 1989
Costa RicaE-1May 26, 1852
Costa RicaE-2May 26, 1852
CroatiaE-1Nov 15, 1982
CroatiaE-2Nov 15, 1982
Czech RepublicE-2Jan 1, 1993
DenmarkE-1Jul 30, 1961
DenmarkE-2Dec 10, 2008
EcuadorE-2May 11, 1997
EgyptE-2Jun 27, 1992
EstoniaE-1May 22, 1926
EstoniaE-2Feb 16, 1997
EthiopiaE-1Oct 8, 1953
EthiopiaE-2Oct 8, 1953
FinlandE-1Aug 10, 1934
FinlandE-2Dec 1, 1992
FranceE-1Dec 21, 1960
FranceE-2Dec 21, 1960
GeorgiaE-2Aug 17, 1997
GermanyE-1Jul 14, 1956
GermanyE-2Jul 14, 1956
GreeceE-1Oct 13, 1954
GrenadaE-2Mar 3, 1989
HondurasE-1Jul 19, 1928
HondurasE-2Jul 19, 1928
IrelandE-1Sep 14, 1950
IrelandE-2Nov 18, 1992
IsraelE-1Apr 3, 1954
IsraelE-2May 1, 2019
ItalyE-1Jul 26, 1949
ItalyE-2Jul 26, 1949
JamaicaE-2Mar 7, 1997
JapanE-1Oct 30, 1953
JapanE-2Oct 30, 1953
JordanE-1Dec 17, 2001
JordanE-2Dec 17, 2001
KazakhstanE-2January 12, 1994
Korea (South)E-1November 7, 1957
CountryClassificationEntered into Force
Korea (South)E-2Nov 7, 1957
Kosovo E-1Nov 15, 1882
Kosovo E-2Nov 15, 1882
KyrgyzstanE-2Jan 12, 1994
LatviaE-1Jul 25, 1928
LatviaE-2Dec 26, 1996
LiberiaE-1Nov 21, 1939
LiberiaE-2Nov 21, 1939
LithuaniaE-2Nov 22, 2001
LuxembourgE-1Mar 28, 1963
LuxembourgE-2Mar 28, 1963
Macedonia E-1Nov 15, 1982
Macedonia E-2Nov 15, 1982
MexicoE-1Jan 1, 1994
MexicoE-2Jan 1, 1994
MoldovaE-2Nov 25, 1994
MongoliaE-2Jan 1, 1997
Montenegro E-1Nov 15, 1882
Montenegro E-2Nov 15, 1882
MoroccoE-2May 29, 1991
NetherlandsE-1Dec 5, 1957
NetherlandsE-2Dec 5, 1957
New Zealand E1Jun 10, 2019
New Zealand E2Jun 10, 2019
Norway E-1Jan 18, 1928
Norway E-2Jan 18, 1928
OmanE-1Jun 11, 1960
OmanE-2Jun 11, 1960
PakistanE-1Feb 12, 1961
PakistanE-2Feb 12, 1961
PanamaE-2May 30, 1991
ParaguayE-1Mar 07, 1860
ParaguayE-2Mar 07, 1860
PhilippinesE-1Sep 6, 1955
PhilippinesE-2Sep 6, 1955
PolandE-1Aug 6, 1994
PolandE-2Aug 6, 1994
RomaniaE-2Jan 15, 1994
SenegalE-2Oct 25, 1990
Serbia E-1Nov 15,1882
Serbia E-2Nov 15,1882
SingaporeE-1Jan 1, 2004
SingaporeE-2Jan 1, 2004
Slovak Republic E-2Jan 1, 1993
Slovenia E-1Nov 15, 1982
Slovenia E-2Nov 15, 1982
Spain E-1Apr 14, 1903
Spain E-2Apr 14, 1903
Sri LankaE-2May 1, 1993
Suriname E-1Feb 10, 1963
Suriname E-2Feb 10, 1963
SwedenE-1Feb 20, 1992
SwedenE-2Feb 20, 1992
SwitzerlandE-1Nov 08, 1855
SwitzerlandE-2Nov 08, 1855
ThailandE-1Jun 8, 1968
ThailandE-2Jun 8, 1968
TogoE-1Feb 5, 1967
TogoE-2Feb 5, 1967
Trinidad & TobagoE-2Dec 26, 1996
TunisiaE-2Feb 7, 1993
TurkeyE-1Feb 15, 1933
TurkeyE-2May 18, 1990
UkraineE-2Nov 16, 1996
United Kingdom E-1Jul 03, 1815
United KingdomE-2Jul 03, 1815
Yugoslavia E-1Nov 15, 1882
Yugoslavia E-2Nov 15, 1882

Do I qualify for an E-2 Work Visa?

Submit our 3-minute and straightforward E-2 questionnaire and we will evaluate your potential E-2 case.

E-2 program advantages

No minimum amount of investment, depending on the type of business;

Allows for regular Visa renewals (no maximum time cap) approximately every two years, for the Investor, Spouse, and unmarried children under the age of 21, so long as the Investor continues to “develop and direct” the intended E-2 business in the USA;

E-2 Visa can be processed rather quickly: approximately 4-6 months (from the time of filing);

The investor invests in his or her own business;

The investor must continually “develop and direct” the business he/she is investing in, while the spouse may pursue any other work activity;

Investor, Spouse, and children (unmarried, under 21) are entitled to a U.S. Social Security Number, and can work, study, and enjoy the benefits of living in the United States;

Is E-2 for me?

You must be a citizen or national of a country that partakes in a treaty of commerce with the United States;

Must solicit entry to the United States exclusively to develop and direct the U.S. business entity. This is established by evidencing a minimum of 50% ownership of the business entity; however, the “acceptable” percentage of ownership and amount of investment is viewed on a sliding scale by the U.S. Consulate, and

Have invested, or are in the process of investing a significant amount of capital in a bona fide business entity in the United States;

Why Lawmaks

Unlike traditional US law firms, Lawmaks has offices in the US, and UAE and partners in UKRAINE to conveniently assist E-2 clients throughout the Middle East, North America, and around the world.

EB-5 vs E-2 & L-1 Visa

Side by side comparison of Investment options in U.S.


E-2L-1EB-5 (Regional Center)EB-5 (Direct)
Investment Amount (USD)No minimum. Any amount sufficient to buy or create a businessNo minimum.
Any amount sufficient to buy or create a business
$800,000 at TEA* zone

$1,050,000 outside TEA
$800,000 at TEA* zone

$1,050,000 outside TEA
Gifted InvestmentYesYesYesYes
Borrowed Investment (Loan)Yes (certain rules apply)Yes (certain rules apply)Yes (certain rules apply)Yes (certain rules apply)
Investment LocationAnyAnyTEA (Targeted Employment Areas) or outside TEATEA (Targeted Employment Areas) or outside TEA
Job Creation RequirementsNot required. However, investor must
follow the Business Plan closely
Yes. Investor must follow the Business Plan closely10 direct or indirect jobs10 direct jobs (more difficult to make direct jobs
Investor’s RoleInvestor has the option to hire a manager. Otherwise must be involved in day to day operationsManagement/ Executive/ Key EmployeeNo active role requirementInvestor has the option to hire a manager.
Otherwise must be involved in day to day operations
Option to purchase an existing companyYesYesN/AYes, must add 10 full-time jobs
Investor’s Overseas Employment RequiredPrefer to have similar business as with E-2 entityYes, 1 year out of the last 3-yearsNoPrefer to have managerial experience (option to hire a manager)
Country (Passport Specific)Yes. Must be from a Treaty CountryAny (if foreign business is in certain countries like Iran there are restrictions)All countries qualifyAll countries qualify
Required to have company outside United StatesNoYesNoNo
Timeline**Usually 2-4 months4-6 months.
Expedited, 15 business days is available
Avg. 2-Years
Nationality Specific
Avg. 2-Years
Nationality Specific
U.S. Green Card (LPR)May convert to EB-5
only if investment grows.
May also qualify under EB-1C (consult U.S. lawyer)
Managers & Directors may qualify for LPR after 1-yr of entry under EB-1C (consult U.S. lawyer)Yes, upon entryYes, upon entry
Fast TrackYes, if change status in US;
No if filing from abroad
Yes (optional) for USCIS approval, followed by regular Consular processing (if abroad)NoNo
1st Visa Issuance2-years (most nationals)Depends on the type of L-1
(consult U.S. lawyer)
Starts with 2-years conditional LPRStarts with 2-years conditional LPR
Maximum LengthRenewable as long as the business is running.
Children over 21 do not qualify for renewal
5- 7 years (consult U.S. lawyer).
Children over 21 do not qualify for renewal
Permanent, upon approved I-829Permanent, upon approved I-829
Who is considered Investor’s Family (Derivative)Spouse & Unmarried Children under 21Spouse & Unmarried Children under 21Spouse & Unmarried Children under 21Spouse & Unmarried Children under 21
Can Your Derivative work?YesYesYesYes
Can Your Derivative Attend School/University?YesYesYesYes
Employment for investorImmediately upon entryImmediately upon entryImmediately upon entryImmediately upon entry

*TEA: Targeted Employment Area refers to “rural area” or an area which has experienced unemployment of at least 150% of the national average rate; TEA zones are determined by USCIS, beginning Nov/22/2019

**Average processing time from the receipt dates. Subject to change without further notification.

Call our Dubai office now for free consultation:
+971 4 518 2500

Our Latest E-2 Treaty Visa Approvals

FAQs

  • Citizens or Nationals of country, which has a treaty of commerce and navigation with the U.S.

  • The E-2 Visa does not have a minimum for business capital. What determines an appropriate investment amount varies widely depending on the size and nature of each business.

  • Family members may work on derivative E Visas if permission has been obtained in advance from the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The spouse may, upon admission to the United States, apply with the USCIS for an employment authorization document. Children may attend school.

  • Yes. The E-2 Visa regulations state that the funds or assets must be committed to the enterprise and the commitments must be real and irrevocable. Funds can be considered “irrevocably committed” if they are held in an escrow account for release of transfer contingent on the issuance of an E Visa.

  • You can continue to extend your Visa in the US indefinitely as long as the business continues in the US. Registration is initially valid for between two and five years, but can be renewed any number of times.

  • Yes.

  • Yes, if you apply inside the U.S. Premium processing can bring your processing time to average of 15 days.

  • Yes (a very important part of your process to have a successful outcome on your Visa application).

  • It’s based on your income. Please consult a Tax Attorney or a CPA (Certified Public Accountant).

  • Pick your attorney.